Actualization: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management of Hypercalcemia of Malignancy
Revista Ciencia y Salud / eISSN: 2215-4949 / https://revistacienciaysalud.ac.cr/ojs

Vol. 4 No. 6 (2020)Artículos

Vol. 4 No. 6 (2020)

Actualization: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management of Hypercalcemia of Malignancy

Artículos

PDF (Español (España))
HTML (Español (España))

Keywords

Neoplasms
neoplasm metastasis
hipercalcemia
mortality

How to Cite

Hernández Pereira, A. F., & Quíros Chacón, M. J. (2020). Actualization: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management of Hypercalcemia of Malignancy. Revista Ciencia Y Salud, 4(6), Pág. 63–69. https://doi.org/10.34192/cienciaysalud.v4i6.160

Abstract

Abstract

The hypercalcemia of malignancy  is a common metabolic complication in some advanced stage tumors and it is defined as a serum calcium rate higher than 10.5 mg/dl. It is present in patients with breast and lung cancer as well as renal carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in any organ and blood neoplasias, although it can be present in any cancer type.  The humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy is the first physiopathology mechanism of hypercalcemia of malignancy; however, it can also be associated with osteolytic metastasis calcitriol and parathyroid hormone ectopic production. The malignant hypercalcemia is classified in mild with serum calcium rates among 10.5 mg/dl and 11.9, moderate rates among 10.5 mg/dl and 11.9 mg/dl and severe with rates higher than 14 mg/dl. The mild hypercalcemia generally does not have symptoms. The moderate and severe hypercalcemia are associated to a varied clinic presentation from gastrointestinal and neurologic symptoms to those related to hypovolemia deplecion. Treatment should focus on the physiology of the disorder. It is recommended to provide aggressive hydration and the use of medicines such as bisphosphonates, calcitonin or denosumab and in the cases that require it glucocorticoids and dialysis. The prognosis of patients with malignant hypercalcemia is poor and it is related to high rates of mortality.

https://doi.org/10.34192/cienciaysalud.v4i6.160
PDF (Español (España))
HTML (Español (España))

Creative Commons License
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. The authors keep the copyright and publication rights in the journal the right of the first publication and this possibility to edit, reproduce, distribute, expose and publicly communicate on the magazine's website. Likewise, it assumes the commitment on any litigation or claim related to the rights of intellectual property, exonerating of responsibility to the Science and Health Magazine of the UCIMED. In addition, you can see how they are published in this journal (eg, Include in an institutional repository or publish it in a book) as long as they clearly indicate the work published for the first time in the magazine Science and Health of the UCIMED.

Downloads