Keywords
urinary tract infection
ureterovesical junction
renal scar
How to Cite
Abstract
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is due to retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the upper urinary tract because of anatomical or functional abnormalities of the ureterovesical junction (UVJ). Its etiology is divided into primary or secondary VUR. It is most often found in girls under two years old. The clinical presentation often consists of the appearance of urinary tract infections (UTIs) which may lead to renal scarring, hypertension, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The VUR is definitively diagnosed by serial voiding cystourethrography (VCUG), which by a gradient system classifies the severity of reflux from I to V. There is a greater possibility of spontaneous resolution in low-grade reflux compared to those of high grade and bilateral. Finally, the treatment of VUR consists of prophylactic antibiotics and in some cases surgery. However, the use of long-term prophylactic antibiotic therapy is controversial, due to inconclusive data regarding the decrease in the appearance of renal scars.
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