Microbiota intestinal y su influencia en el comportamiento

Abstract

The human microbiome refers to the set of microorganisms that reside in the body, while the microbiota refers to the ecological community of a specific niche or system. Its transmission can occur vertically, from parents to offspring, and horizontally through social interactions and cohabitation; it may also vary due to the individual's own conditions. The gut microbiota is considered to influence various brain processes, through the now known gut-brain axis. This is made up of the gastrointestinal tract, the enteric nervous system and the brain. By establishing a symbiosis with the microbiota, the host can depend on it for functions such as myelination, neurogenesis, microglial activation and modulation of the environment. However, collaterally, the composition and diversity of the microbiota can affect behavior and influence processes such as stress, anxiety and cognition and other specific neurological disorders.