Obesidad: Mecanismos, fisiopatología y tratamiento integral

Abstract

In the 21st century, obesity constitutes a public health problem as it presents itself as an adverse and prevalent metabolic disease, rather than being in a toxic environment; in which the food is cheap, tasty, ultra processed and abundant; increases at an accelerated rate. Approximately 17% of American children and 35% of adults are obese, and the annual expenditures attributed to obesity and related care exceed $ 190 billion, thus constituting a problem for health systems and the resources allocated to them. This is why promotion and prevention become important, as well as comprehensive treatments, in which all spheres of the individual and the multifactorial nature of this disease are taken into account, that is why the objective of this review is propose a review of the mechanisms, pathophysiology and treatments that currently exist for the comprehensive management of obesity, in order to establish its advantages, disadvantages and highlight its importance. To carry out this, a bibliographic search was carried out in databases such as WoS, Education-Research, Lilacs and Redalyc, by selecting keywords such as "obesity", "overweight" "pathophysiology" "treatment". After identifying the articles of interest, a critical reading was carried out to select those that best correlated with the objective of the review, thus delimiting a final sample.