La Toxoplasmosis ocular.: Toxoplasmosis Ocular, Ocular Toxoplasmosis.

Abstract

Ocular Toxoplasmosis is a chorioretinal infectious disease caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii has 3 infectious forms; oocysts, tachyzoites, and bradyzoites. The infection can be congenital or acquired, this being the most frequent form of transmission through the consumption of water or food contaminated with tissue cysts or tachyzoites. Ocular Toxoplasmosis is the most common cause of posterior uveitis. The diagnosis is made through the clinic by means of the ophthalmological physical examination. Serological tests can be used as support for the diagnosis, in addition, imaging studies such as ocular ultrasound can be used. The mainstay of treatment is oral antibiotic therapy with oral pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, trimetropim sulfamethoxazole, and systemic corticosteroids. Other lines of treatment are the use of intravitreal antibiotics or surgical procedures such as laser photocoagulation or pars plana vitrectomy. The review of this topic is of vital importance for an adequate and timely diagnosis and treatment for ocular toxoplasmosis, with the aim of avoiding visual impairment or permanent blindness of the patient.