Afectación del desarrollo psicosocial y el impacto en la incidencia de enfermedades infecciosas en niños y adolescentes a causa del confinamiento por COVID-19

Abstract

The SARS-CoV virus is the agent responsible for the disease known as COVID-19, and in turn, for the pandemic that began in early 2020. During the pandemic, with the goal of slowing the spread of the virus, government officials put sanitary measures into effect, such as confinement and the closure of academic institutions. These last two sanitary measures impair the psychosocial development of children and adolescents. This article consists of a bibliographical review on the affectation of mental health in this population as a result of confinement, also, social affectation in the following areas will be reviewed; education, economy and domestic violence. Early recognition of these psychosocial affectations is of great importance in order to provide a concise approach and reference to a specialist if necessary. Additionally, using a statistical comparison of the infectious diseases reported by the National Children's Hospital (NCH) in the years 2019 and 2022, determine if the sanitary measures implemented have a positive impact on the reduction of infectious diseases. Despite the fact that confinement has a negative impact on the mental health of these individuals, it was possible to conclude that the sanitary measures implemented benefit the pediatric population since there was a notable decrease in the incidence of some infectious diseases.