Overview of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

Abstract

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is the most frequent pathology of liver diseases that occur during pregnancy and is characterized by the appearance of pruritus and elevated bile acid levels, mainly in the second or third trimester of pregnancy. The incidence of this disease to be treated varies according to the geographic location and population, as well as genetics and associated environmental factors.

Under normal conditions, bile acids are transported from the fetus to the mother, whereas in a pregnancy complicated by intrahepatic cholestasis, transplacental transport occurs in the opposite direction. Therefore, bile acid levels increase in both the mother and the fetus, and this elevation induces oxidative stress, apoptosis and a high risk of complications for the fetus such as preterm delivery, presence of meconium amniotic fluid, fetal hypoxia and intrauterine fetal death.

Based on recommendations and clinical guidelines, the optimal and adequate management of the present pathology to develop will be assessed.