El Retinoblastoma: la neoplasia ocular más frecuente en pediatría

Abstract

Retinoblastoma is considered the most frequent ocular neoplasm that occurs in childhood. Its incidence and prevalence varies around the world. In recent years, great importance has been given to the investigation of its pathogenesis and its genetic association, stressing the importance of the hypothesis proposed by Knudson in 1971 of 2 hits for the development of this neoplasm. Two main forms of presentation have been demonstrated, the familial or hereditary form and the sporadic or non-familial form, which can be differentiated based on various characteristics that distinguish them from one another. The forms of presentation that it can manifest are varied, however the main ones are leukocoria and strabismus. The diagnosis must be based on an adequate clinical history and physical examination and can be supported by complementary imaging studies. There are multiple treatment modalities that can be offered in order to improve patient survival and prognosis.