Factores de riesgo relacionados con la infección del sitio quirúrgico en mujeres sometidas a cesárea: Risk factors related to surgical infection

Abstract

Introduction: sepsis represents a serious problem today and surgical site infection is one of the places with the highest incidence. Objective: characterizes risk factors related to surgical site infection in cesarean sections. Method: a cross-sectional observational-descriptive study was carried out at the “Ana Betancourt de Mora” Gynecological-Obstetric University Hospital in the period from January to July 2023. The non-probabilistic sample was made up of 47 sick postpartum women who met the criteria for inclusion. The data were extracted from the medical records and the information was processed with the SPSS 27.0 program. Results: preeclampsia (31.9%) was the disease itself, vaginal infection (40.4%) and obesity (27.6%) were the associated diseases. Membrane rupture less than 12 hours (57.4%) and clear amniotic fluid (57.4%). Previous cesarean section (44.6%) was the main indication for this procedure and the majority were urgent cesarean sections classified as contaminated (29.8%) or dirty (36.1%). Amikacin was the antimicrobial used in preoperative and postoperative prophylaxis. Staphylococcus aureus germ present. Half of the cases were diagnosed with puerperal sepsis. Conclusions: Urgent cesarean sections have a great predominance in the environment and especially when patients present preeclampsia as their own disease in addition to having vaginal infection and obesity associated with it. In this sense, prevention and health promotion actions must be directed from primary care with the aim of reducing risk factors.