Recomendaciones actuales basadas en evidencia sobre el manejo de cáncer de vesícula biliar en estadios avanzados en los últimos 5 años

Abstract

Gallbladder carcinoma is a complex disease with cholelithiasis being the most important risk factor for malignant changes in the biliary lining. Surgical management in advanced gallbladder cancer, particularly in stages III and IV, has had much controversy over its management. Significant advances in surgical techniques, including robotic-assisted surgeries and precise liver resections, have positively influenced patient outcomes. TNM (Tumor, Node, Metastasis) staging is critical to determine the best treatment approach. Surgical and chemotherapeutic management with regimens such as GEMOX and SOX have shown improved survival rates. However, the prognosis for advanced gallbladder cancer in general terms remains poor, with five-year survival rates ranging from 14% to 20% for resectable cases and much lower for those with distant metastases.