Somatostatinoma pancreático localizado en cabeza de páncreas: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura

Abstract

Introduction: Somatostatinoma is an extremely rare pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 40 million people. It is most commonly found in the pancreatic head and can be functional or non-functional. Case presentation: A 51- year-old woman with no relevant medical history presented with nonspecific lower back pain. Imaging studies incidentally revealed a solid mass in the pancreatic head. The  patient  remained  asymptomatic,  without  features  of  somatostatinoma syndrome.Contrast-enhanced CT showed a hypervascular lesion in the pancreatic head. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy confirmed a neuroendocrine tumor positive for somatostatin. A pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed with clear margins; histopathological examination confirmed a well- differentiated somatostatinoma with a low proliferation index (Ki-67 <2%). Discussion: Non-functional somatostatinomas are often discovered incidentally, immunohistochemistry is essential for definitive diagnosis, the rarity of the tumor presents a diagnostic challenge. Conclusion: Complete surgical resection is the treatment of choice for localized somatostatinomas. This case underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and advanced diagnostic tools in managing rare neuroendocrine tumors.