Revisión del Traumatismo Craneoencefálico desde la Farmacia Clínica Hospitalaria

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the hospital setting, especially in polytraumatized patients. TBI is classified according to the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), which assesses eye opening, verbal response and motor response. Depending on the GCS total score, TBI can be mild (GCS 13-15), moderate (GCS 9-12) or severe (GCS 3-8).

Proper management of TBI requires prompt intervention to minimize secondary damage, which may include ischemia, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation. Hospital pharmacists should be aware of current guidelines for the management of TBI in order to collaborate with the multidisciplinary team and optimize patient care.

Treatment of intracranial hypertension (ICH), a critical complication of TBI, includes measures such as elevating the patient's head, ensuring adequate oxygenation and ventilation, administering hypertonic solutions and mannitol, and using sedatives and analgesics. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary.

The use of neuroprotective agents in TBI has been the subject of research because of their potential to limit secondary brain damage. These include glucocorticoids, osmotic agents, calcium antagonists, and antiepileptic drugs such as phenytoin and levetiracetam to prevent seizures