Usos de la toxina botulínica tipo A en tratamientos estéticos y clínicos. Revisión bibliográfica: Aesthetic and Clinical Uses of Botulinum Toxin

Abstract

Botulinum neurotoxin (NTBo), produced by the Clostridium botulinum bacterium, is one of the most lethal substances known, yet it has found valuable medical applications since the 1970s. Initially used to treat neuromuscular conditions such as strabismus, it is now employed in both aesthetic and clinical treatments, always in controlled doses. Due to its potency, specificity, and temporary effects, NTBo, particularly serotype A, is essential in facial cosmetic surgery. Its use has been FDA-approved for treating facial wrinkles and other conditions since 1989. It is also used to treat disorders such as cervical dystonia, hyperhidrosis, and chronic migraines. The Clostridium botulinum bacterium is gram-positive, anaerobic, and spore-forming, allowing it to survive in extreme conditions. This ability has posed challenges for its control but has also facilitated the development of effective treatments for various conditions.