Prevención y seguimiento de cardiotoxicidad en sobrevivientes de cáncer pediátrico: revisión bibliográfica desde Atención Primaria de la Salud

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiotoxicity related to oncological therapies represents a relevant clinical challenge. It is associated with heart failure, arrhythmias, coronary disease, and treatment-induced cardiomyopathy.

Objective: To review the available evidence on the main mechanisms, risk factors, diagnosis, and preventive strategies in oncological cardiotoxicity.

Methods: Narrative review based on original articles, systematic reviews, and clinical guidelines published in the last 15 years in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library.

Results: The main risk factors identified include advanced age, female sex, cumulative anthracycline doses, mediastinal radiotherapy, and pre-existing cardiovascular comorbidities.

Conclusions: The approach must be multidisciplinary, including primary prevention, cardiac monitoring, and early treatment.

Keywords: Cardiotoxicity, oncology, heart failure, risk factors, prevention